diff --git a/controllers/enforcer.go b/controllers/casbin_api.go
similarity index 100%
rename from controllers/enforcer.go
rename to controllers/casbin_api.go
diff --git a/object/model.go b/object/model.go
index 41679530..fd3800d1 100644
--- a/object/model.go
+++ b/object/model.go
@@ -161,5 +161,8 @@ func modelChangeTrigger(oldName string, newName string) error {
 }
 
 func HasRoleDefinition(m model.Model) bool {
+	if m == nil {
+		return false
+	}
 	return m["g"] != nil
 }
diff --git a/object/permission_enforcer.go b/object/permission_enforcer.go
index 5bbcb2c6..741c5f9c 100644
--- a/object/permission_enforcer.go
+++ b/object/permission_enforcer.go
@@ -26,42 +26,7 @@ import (
 	xormadapter "github.com/casdoor/xorm-adapter/v3"
 )
 
-func getEnforcer(permission *Permission, permissionIDs ...string) *casbin.Enforcer {
-	tableName := "permission_rule"
-	if len(permission.Adapter) != 0 {
-		adapterObj, err := getCasbinAdapter(permission.Owner, permission.Adapter)
-		if err != nil {
-			panic(err)
-		}
-
-		if adapterObj != nil && adapterObj.Table != "" {
-			tableName = adapterObj.Table
-		}
-	}
-	tableNamePrefix := conf.GetConfigString("tableNamePrefix")
-	driverName := conf.GetConfigString("driverName")
-	dataSourceName := conf.GetConfigRealDataSourceName(driverName)
-	adapter, err := xormadapter.NewAdapterWithTableName(driverName, dataSourceName, tableName, tableNamePrefix, true)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-
-	permissionModel, err := getModel(permission.Owner, permission.Model)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-
-	m := model.Model{}
-	if permissionModel != nil {
-		m, err = GetBuiltInModel(permissionModel.ModelText)
-	} else {
-		m, err = GetBuiltInModel("")
-	}
-
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-
+func getEnforcer(p *Permission, permissionIDs ...string) *casbin.Enforcer {
 	// Init an enforcer instance without specifying a model or adapter.
 	// If you specify an adapter, it will load all policies, which is a
 	// heavy process that can slow down the application.
@@ -70,14 +35,17 @@ func getEnforcer(permission *Permission, permissionIDs ...string) *casbin.Enforc
 		panic(err)
 	}
 
-	err = enforcer.InitWithModelAndAdapter(m, nil)
+	err = p.setEnforcerModel(enforcer)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
 
-	enforcer.SetAdapter(adapter)
+	err = p.setEnforcerAdapter(enforcer)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
 
-	policyFilterV5 := []string{permission.GetId()}
+	policyFilterV5 := []string{p.GetId()}
 	if len(permissionIDs) != 0 {
 		policyFilterV5 = permissionIDs
 	}
@@ -86,7 +54,7 @@ func getEnforcer(permission *Permission, permissionIDs ...string) *casbin.Enforc
 		V5: policyFilterV5,
 	}
 
-	if !HasRoleDefinition(m) {
+	if !HasRoleDefinition(enforcer.GetModel()) {
 		policyFilter.Ptype = []string{"p"}
 	}
 
@@ -98,6 +66,54 @@ func getEnforcer(permission *Permission, permissionIDs ...string) *casbin.Enforc
 	return enforcer
 }
 
+func (p *Permission) setEnforcerAdapter(enforcer *casbin.Enforcer) error {
+	tableName := "permission_rule"
+	if len(p.Adapter) != 0 {
+		adapterObj, err := getCasbinAdapter(p.Owner, p.Adapter)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if adapterObj != nil && adapterObj.Table != "" {
+			tableName = adapterObj.Table
+		}
+	}
+	tableNamePrefix := conf.GetConfigString("tableNamePrefix")
+	driverName := conf.GetConfigString("driverName")
+	dataSourceName := conf.GetConfigRealDataSourceName(driverName)
+	casbinAdapter, err := xormadapter.NewAdapterWithTableName(driverName, dataSourceName, tableName, tableNamePrefix, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	enforcer.SetAdapter(casbinAdapter)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (p *Permission) setEnforcerModel(enforcer *casbin.Enforcer) error {
+	permissionModel, err := getModel(p.Owner, p.Model)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// TODO: return error if permissionModel is nil.
+	m := model.Model{}
+	if permissionModel != nil {
+		m, err = GetBuiltInModel(permissionModel.ModelText)
+	} else {
+		m, err = GetBuiltInModel("")
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	err = enforcer.InitWithModelAndAdapter(m, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func getPolicies(permission *Permission) [][]string {
 	var policies [][]string